Navigating The Challenges Of Fibroids During Pregnancy

Have you ever visited your gynaecologist and had your doctor mention the possibility of "uterine fibroids"? Don't panic! Fibroids are quite common, affecting 20-25% of women during their reproductive years.¹ While they're usually harmless, they can cause pain, heavy bleeding, and fertility issues.¹ In this blog, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for fibroids during pregnancy.

What Are Fibroids?

Fibroids, also known as uterine myomas or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop from the muscle layer of the uterus. They are very common, affecting over 75% of women at some point in their lives. They can also range dramatically in size — from as tiny as 1 mm to more than 20 cm (8 inches) in diameter. ^{1, 2, 3}

While fibroids are typically benign, they often don’t cause symptoms or complications during pregnancy. However, their impact can vary depending on their location in the uterus. ^{2, 3}

So, let's explore the different types of fibroids, classified according to their location.

Types Of Fibroids During Pregnancy?

Here are the four primary types of fibroids encountered during pregnancy:

• Intramural Fibroids: These are the most common type, growing within the muscular wall of the uterus.
• Submucosal Fibroids: These fibroids extend into the uterine cavity where the baby develops, potentially causing heavy bleeding and pain.
• Subserosal Fibroids: These are another type, growing on the outer wall of the uterus and sometimes reaching a considerable size.
• Subserosal Fibroids: These are attached to the uterus by a stalk and can sometimes twist on their connection, leading to pain.²

What Causes Fibroids To Develop During Pregnancy?

The cause of uterine fibroids remains unknown, but various risk factors might contribute to their development or worsening. These factors encompass lifestyle choices like being overweight or obese, smoking, and inadequate exercise. Age, family history (genes), hormones, and a deficiency in vitamin D are considered risk factors.2 4 5

Key Symptoms Of Fibroids During Pregnancy

Fibroids can cause a range of symptoms during pregnancy, from mild to severe. Some women may not experience any symptoms at all. ^{1, 2}

Here are some of the most common symptoms:^{1, 2}

• Pelvic pain
• Frequent urination
• Constipation
• Back pain
• Painful sex

How Are Fibroids Diagnosed During Pregnancy?

Doctors begin with a routine pelvic exam to diagnose fibroids during pregnancy. If suspected, they may recommend an ultrasound or MRI for a clearer view of the uterus. In some instances, doctors may perform a hysteroscopy, inserting a thin telescope into the uterus to identify fibroids.2

Complications Of Fibroids During Pregnancy

Fibroids during pregnancy can elevate the risk of: ²

• Miscarriage
• Premature labour
• Placenta problems
• Need for caesarean delivery

If you're pregnant and have fibroids, consult with your doctor about potential risks and complications. They will assist in monitoring your pregnancy to ensure you and your baby's safety. ²

Now, let's explore the treatment options.

Treating Fibroids During Pregnancy

Your doctor will help you choose the best treatment for fibroids during pregnancy. Options may include medication, surgery, a procedure to block blood flow (UAE), or an invasive procedure using heat (RFA). These methods aim to shrink fibroids, relieve pain, and improve pregnancy outcomes. Before deciding, discuss the pros and cons of each treatment with your doctor. ⁶

So, are there preventive measures for fibroids during pregnancy?

Preventing Fibroids During Pregnancy

You can't prevent fibroids, but maintaining a healthy weight and having regular checkups can lower your risk. If you have fibroids, monitoring them with your doctor is crucial.²

Summing Up!

In summary, fibroids, common growths in the uterus, can cause various symptoms. While preventing them isn't guaranteed, maintaining a healthy weight and regular pelvic checkups can help. If you experience fibroids during pregnancy, consult your doctor for the best treatment. Remember, you're not alone—millions of women face fibroids, and effective treatments are available.

*Disclaimer: The information in this blog is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.