Postpartum Depression - Symptoms and causes

Every woman who embarks on her pregnancy journey, dreams of the moment she will hold her baby, anticipating it to be one of life's most beautiful phases. However, many are unaware of the emotional challenges that can arise, such as postpartum depression. This often overlooked and misunderstood condition affects about 1 in 7 women within the first year after childbirth ¹. Despite its prevalence, the serious consequences of postpartum depression are not widely recognized, impacting not only mothers but their babies as well.

In this blog, we will explore the essential facts about postpartum depression. By understanding postpartum depression, you can prepare yourself for the challenges ahead and welcome this new chapter in life with greater confidence.

What is Postpartum Depression?

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric condition experienced by new moms after childbirth. It often arises due to hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle adjustments. It is characterized by intense emotions such as extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion, which can significantly impact a mother’s ability to care for her baby and themselves. PPD is challenging and can last for several weeks, requiring attention and support for effective treatment.

Significance of Postpartum Depression:

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe mental health condition that affects 6.5% to 20% of individuals globally. Research indicates that adolescents, individuals who experience premature deliveries, and those residing in urban areas are at a higher risk.¹

Notably, PPD is not limited to mothers; it also impacts new fathers, with prevalence rates ranging from 1% to 26%. This highlights the significant emotional and psychological challenges both parents may face after childbirth. 

Postpartum Depression Symptoms You Should Not Ignore:

Postpartum depression (PPD) can affect new moms in various ways, both emotionally and physically. Common signs include:

• Feeling sad or low
• Anhedonia (lack of interest in activities that you typically enjoy)
• Tiredness or loss of energy
• Poor concentration or attention
• Sleep disturbances
• Changes in appetite
• Suicidal thoughts
• Anxiety

Do not overlook these symptoms. Recognizing them early can help you get the right support when needed.²

Is Postpartum Depression Same As Baby Blue?

Baby blues are often mistaken for postpartum depression since both involve emotional changes after childbirth. However, baby blues typically last up to two weeks and resolve on their own. If symptoms persist more than two weeks or intensify, it could indicate postpartum depression, which requires immediate medical attention and support. Let us have a quick glance at the differences from the following table.³

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Common Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression

Identifying risk factors is crucial for early detection and prevention of PPD. These factors include psychological, obstetric, social, and lifestyle influences, all of which increase the risk of developing postpartum depression.¹

1. Psychological Risk Factors:

• Personal history of depression and anxiety
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Negative attitude towards the baby
• Reluctance in accepting the baby’s gender
• History of sexual abuse

2. Obstetric Risk Factors:

• High-risk pregnancy
• Hospitalization during pregnancy

3. Social Factors:

• Lack of social support
• Domestic violence
• Smoking
• Young maternal age during pregnancy

4. Lifestyle Factors:

• Poor eating habits
• Decreased physical activity and exercise
• Vitamin B6 deficiency (affecting serotonin levels, which influences mood)
• Lack of sleep

5. Family History of Psychiatric Disorders:

• A family history of psychiatric disorders increases the risk of developing postpartum depression, likely due to genetic and environmental factors during childhood and later life.
• Lack of social support is also a significant risk factor for PPD.

6 Key Tips to Prevent Postpartum Depression

Prepare for your baby's arrival by taking steps to manage emotional changes effectively.

1. Learn about your body, mental health, and overall well-being to understand emotional changes during the postpartum period.
2. Manage stress by prioritising self-care, practicing meditation, and performing breathing exercises.
3. Involve your partner, friends, and family in your journey to maintain mental health after childbirth.
4. Join a new parents' support group or ask a friend or family member for help with household tasks.
5. If you have a personal history of depression, reach out to your doctor for guidance and preventive care to manage postpartum emotional changes.
6. Individuals with risk factors often opt for counselling options like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) to prevent postpartum depression. 

Diagnosis and Treatment of Postpartum Depression:

Postpartum depression does not have a specific diagnostic test. Instead, doctors typically schedule visits two to three weeks after childbirth to screen for depression. They assess the situation based on the severity of symptoms and ask a few questions about how you are feeling and how your baby is doing. This information helps doctors determine if you are experiencing postpartum depression.

If a doctor identifies symptoms of postpartum depression, they will provide a combination of support and therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). This approach effectively addresses negative emotions and promotes healing.

Conclusion:

Postpartum is an emotionally challenging phase that requires careful attention and support. Having the right support system in place and regularly monitoring symptoms can play a crucial role in preventing postpartum depression. If you notice any such symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor immediately to manage the condition effectively.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

1. How do you treat postpartum depression?

Treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support. Common options include counseling methods like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), which help address negative thoughts and emotions. Antidepressant medications may be prescribed in some cases. Additionally, building a support system of family, friends, and healthcare providers can help with recovery. 

2. What does postpartum depression look like?

Postpartum depression can manifest in various ways, including persistent sadness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, and emotional numbness. Symptoms may include trouble bonding with the baby, extreme fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. Unlike the "baby blues," PPD lasts longer and significantly impacts daily functioning, often requiring professional intervention.

3. Why am I struggling mentally after having a baby?

It's common to experience mental health challenges after childbirth due to hormonal changes, physical recovery, and the emotional demands of parenting. Postpartum depression can result from these changes, along with factors like lack of sleep, stress, and personal or family history of mental health issues. It's important to reach out for support and talk to your doctor if you feel overwhelmed.

4. What is the 5-5-5 rule postpartum?

The 5-5-5 rule is a simple guideline to help new parents manage stress and prioritize self-care. It suggests:

• 5 minutes of quiet time for yourself each day
• 5 minutes of physical activity, even light stretching
• 5 minutes of connecting with your partner or loved ones for support.
• This can help boost your mental well-being, reduce stress, and improve your relationship during the postpartum period.

5. How do I stop postpartum depression?

Stopping postpartum depression involves early identification and seeking the right treatment. If you are struggling with PPD, it is important to reach out to a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis. Treatment options include therapy (CBT, IPT), medications like antidepressants, and building a strong support network. Taking care of your mental health, managing stress, and asking for help are key steps in overcoming postpartum depression.