Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy: A Step-by-Step Guide

Imagine being pregnant and having to deal with the discomfort of hemorrhoids. It's not fun, but it's unfortunately common. In fact, up to 85% of pregnant women experience hemorrhoids.^{1, 2}  But do you know what exactly hemorrhoids are, and why they happen during pregnancy? And most importantly, how can you get relief?

This blog will answer all of your questions about hemorrhoids during pregnancy. We'll also provide some tips on how to prevent it. So if you're one of the many pregnant women who are dealing with hemorrhoids, read on!

Let’s get started!

What Are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and around the anus. Hemorrhoids can either be internal, (inside the rectum), or external, (under the skin around the anus). Having said that, hemorrhoids are common during pregnancy and usually go away on their own after the baby is born.^{2, 3}

What Is the Difference Between Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures?

While hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum and anus, anal fissures are small tears in the skin of the anal canal. Both can cause pain and bleeding, but fissures typically result in sharp pain during bowel movements, whereas hemorrhoids often cause itching, discomfort, and swelling. Understanding the difference can help you identify the best treatment approach.²

Who is Prone to Hemorrhoids?

Anyone can develop hemorrhoids, but certain factors increase the risk, especially during pregnancy. Those who are overweight, have chronic constipation, sit for long periods, or strain during bowel movements are more likely to experience hemorrhoids. Pregnancy itself is a major risk factor due to increased pressure on the rectal veins. ²

Are Hemorrhoids Common During Pregnancy?

Hemorrhoids are common during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester and for up to a month following childbirth. And did you know up to 85% of women experience hemorrhoids at some point during pregnancy.^{1, 2}

Now let's take a closer look at the symptoms and causes of hemorrhoids (piles) during pregnancy.

Symptoms Of Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy

Hemorrhoids can cause many symptoms, including:³

• Itching around the anus
• Pain or soreness around the anus
• A lump around the anus
• Bright red blood in the stool
• Mucus discharge from the anus

Let's talk about the causes of hemorrhoids during pregnancy.

Causes Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, your growing baby puts pressure on your lower abdomen and intestines. This can cause the veins in your anus to swell, which can lead to hemorrhoids.²

Other things that can increase your risk of hemorrhoids during pregnancy include:²

• Increased blood volume - Your body produces more blood during pregnancy to support the baby. This can put extra pressure on your veins.²
• Constipation - It's common to get constipated when you're pregnant. Straining while trying to have a bowel movement can make the problem worse by adding extra pressure on your veins.²

Now that you know what causes hemorrhoids during pregnancy, let's take a look at some of the risks associated with them.

Pregnancy Hemorrhoids Risks & Risk Factors

Hemorrhoids during pregnancy can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. In some cases they can become infected or blocked by a blood clot. This can be very painful. If you have hemorrhoids during pregnancy, it's essential to see your doctor. They can help you find the best treatment for you.³

Some risk factors for hemorrhoids during pregnancy include:⁴

• Having a sedentary lifestyle which involves prolonged sitting, can increase the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids. This is because sitting for long periods can put pressure on the veins of your lower digestive tract.
• Constipation, which makes it harder to pass stool puts pressure on your lower back causing hemorrhoids.

Now that you know the risks of hemorrhoids during pregnancy, it's crucial to understand that the best hemorrhoid treatment is prevention. Let's explore some preventive measures.

How Are Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy Diagnosed?

Hemorrhoids are typically diagnosed based on symptoms. A doctor may perform a physical examination to check for external hemorrhoids or use a rectal exam to detect internal ones. In some cases, additional tests like an anoscopy (using a short tube to examine the rectum and anus) or sigmoidoscopy (using a flexible tube with a camera to inspect the lower colon and rectum) may be used to get a clearer view of the affected area. 

Hemorrhoid Treatment During Pregnancy

While hemorrhoids can be uncomfortable, there are several ways to manage and treat them safely during pregnancy. ² 

How to Treat Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy

• Use Sitz Baths: A sitz bath is a warm, shallow bath that soaks the buttocks and hips, helping to relieve discomfort from conditions like hemorrhoids. Soaking in warm water for 10-15 minutes several times a day can relieve pain and reduce swelling.
• Apply Cold Compresses: Using an ice pack on the affected area can help numb pain and reduce inflammation.
• Reduce Pressure on Your Pelvic Area: Avoid prolonged sitting or standing—lie on your side to relieve pressure, use a donut pillow when sitting, and prevent straining on the toilet by addressing constipation.2
• Increase Fiber Intake: Eating high-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help prevent constipation.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water (12 cups) helps keep stools soft and reduces straining.
• Laxatives: Use a laxative to avoid constipation, but only if it has been approved by your doctor.
• Other Home Remedies: Apply natural remedies like pure aloe, coconut oil, witch hazel, or baking soda to soothe pain, itching, and discomfort from hemorrhoids.

If home treatments aren’t helping, your doctor might suggest a safe procedure to remove your hemorrhoids without harming you or your baby.

Which Medications Are Safe for Treating Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy?

Some medications and treatments can help alleviate hemorrhoid symptoms during pregnancy. Options include:

• Topical hemorrhoid Creams and Ointments: These may contain ingredients to reduce itching and inflammation.²
• Laxative & Stool Softeners: These help make bowel movements easier and prevent straining. ²
  Always consult your doctor before using over-the-counter treatments to ensure they’re safe for you, as they can recommend the most effective and pregnancy-safe options.

Preventive Measures For Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy

The best way to prevent hemorrhoids is to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle that enables regular bowel habits. This means drinking plenty of fluids and consuming foods that are rich in fiber. Additionally, it is important to avoid standing for long periods and to get regular moderate exercise.⁵ Moreover using a moist towel or baby wipe instead of dry toilet paper can be less irritating, while taking a warm bath can help relax and relieve pain. Ice packs can also be applied to external hemorrhoids to reduce pain and swelling. ⁵

Laxatives (substances that cause bowel movements) can be taken to reduce straining during bowel movements, while painkillers such as paracetamol can be used to alleviate pain. It is important to note that codeine-containing products should be avoided as they can cause constipation.^{5, 6}

There are also many over-the-counter products available that can help relieve the symptoms of haemorrhoids. These products contain medications such as corticosteroids, local anaesthetics, and anti-inflammatory agents that can reduce inflammation, itching, and pain.⁵

Note: These products may carry warnings about a maximum period of use. Hence, it is recommended to consult a doctor before taking any over-the-counter products.

What Should I Expect If I Have Hemorrhoids While Pregnant?

Hemorrhoids during pregnancy are usually temporary and often improve after childbirth. While they can be uncomfortable, following proper treatment and prevention tips can help manage the symptoms effectively. If your hemorrhoids persist or cause severe pain, consult your doctor for further guidance.²

Should I Be Worried About Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy?

Hemorrhoids are typically not serious, but they can be uncomfortable. In rare cases, they may cause complications like heavy bleeding or blood clots. If you experience severe pain, ongoing bleeding, or trouble passing stool, it’s best to consult a doctor. While hemorrhoids can be bothersome, they are usually harmless and tend to go away with proper care. ²

Summing Up!

This is how you can handle hemorrhoids during pregnancy. You're not alone – many expectant moms face these challenges. By understanding the risks and taking preventive measures, you're taking a positive step towards feeling better. Keep this info in mind as you get ready to welcome your baby into the world and focus on the exciting moments ahead.

FAQs

Q1. How Do Doctors Determine If Someone Has Hemorrhoids?

Doctors usually diagnose hemorrhoids by doing a physical examination. They will take a look at your anus and rectum and ask about your symptoms. In some cases, they may also do a rectal exam, which involves inserting a gloved finger into your rectum to feel for any abnormalities.²

Q2. Who Is Most Likely To Get Hemorrhoids?

Anyone can develop hemorrhoids, but few individuals are more susceptible when compared to others, especially pregnant women. Those who are obese are also at higher risk. People who experience constipation or diarrhea face an increased likelihood of developing hemorrhoids. Additionally, individuals who sit on the toilet for extended periods or frequently lift heavy objects may also be at risk of developing hemorrhoids.^{7, 8}

Q3. What’s The Difference Between Internal And External Hemorrhoids?

Internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum and typically do not cause pain, but may cause bleeding. On the other hand, external hemorrhoids are found outside the anus and can be painful, especially when they become blocked by a blood clot. ⁷