An Overview Of Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI)

Studies show that 30–50% of infertility cases are caused due to sperm defects such as low sperm concentration, morphological abnormalities and low sperm motility.¹ And, in these men, high sperm DNA fragmentation could be the cause of infertility which is represented by the DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI).¹ Wondering what this term means? Then keep reading this article!

DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) Of Sperm: Explained!

Before jumping straight into the details of DFI, let us first briefly learn about Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF).

Simply put, sperm DNA fragmentation is caused when the sperm’s DNA breaks into smaller fragments or pieces.^2,3 It can be caused due to genetic or environmental factors such as heat exposure, smoking, chemotherapeutics, sperm maturation defects, oxidative stress, etc.^1,4 

The DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) can help us to measure the percentage of cells that show fragmented DNA.¹ It is normal to have sperm DNA fragmentation to some degree, but if it goes beyond a certain threshold, it may lead to fertility problems. It can also negatively affect embryo development, and natural as well as IVF pregnancies.⁵

How Is Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index Measured? 

Although there are several techniques to assess sperm DFI, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) seems to be the most popular test.⁶ SCD is a simple, rapid, and highly accurate procedure to determine SDF, performed using the Halosperm kit.^6,7,8 This test works on the principle that sperm with fragmented DNA fails to produce a characteristic halo (a circle of light) as shown below:^6,9

Based on the results of this test, a value above 30% is found to be abnormal and may also be seen in infertile men with a normal semen analysis.^6,7 This value can not only affect the chances of conceiving naturally but also reduce Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) success rates. Therefore, including a DNA fragmentation test in the routine semen analysis may help predict the success of ART. ^7,10

Who Should Take Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test?

Sperm DNA fragmentation is an important factor to be evaluated in subfertile and infertile men.¹¹ In fact, a recent study says that about 15% of infertile men showed a normal semen analysis result.⁴ So, any individual undergoing or facing the following problems should opt for DFI testing:¹²

• Varicocele
• Unexplained infertility
• Recurrent assisted reproductive failure
• Multiple miscarriages 

If you wish to know more about sperm DNA fragmentation, its causes and risk factors, read our blog “Sperm DNA Fragmentation At A Glance”.

Ending Note!

With this, we hope you’ve understood the importance of the sperm DNA Fragmentation Index. So, to all the men out there, if you’re considering delayed parenthood, facing fertility issues, actively trying to conceive, or wish to understand your sperm health - opt for SpermVault! 

SpermVault is India’s first private long-term sperm bank that offers at-home self-collection of semen. With the help of this kit, you can gain insights into 11 sperm parameters (including DNA fragmentation) & 14 sperm health conditions. Plus, you can also choose to store your sperm for 1, 5 or 10 years. To know more call at 1800 266 5533.