Understanding Hepatitis B Symptoms: What to Watch Out For

Are you aware of the global health threat posed by hepatitis? Each year, 1.4 million people lose their lives due to cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by viral hepatitis. ¹ Have you ever found yourself feeling unusually tired, noticing yellowing of the skin or eyes, or experiencing unexplained abdominal discomfort? They may seem ordinary, but may be an indication of Hepatitis B symptoms and could pose a threat to your liver health. ²

Understanding Hepatitis B, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and related treatment along with preventive measures is vital for safeguarding liver health and minimising its impact. In this detailed blog, let us deep dive and know everything important related to hepatitis B. 

What Is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It targets the liver, leading to inflammation and potential long-term complications. HBV can survive outside the body for up to a week, making it highly contagious. The World Health Organization estimates that around 296 million individuals worldwide live with chronic HBV infection. ^{2 3}

How Common Is Hepatitis B Infection?

It is the most common liver infection in the world. Let us have a look at the following facts and figures. ^{3 4} 

• One in three people — around 2 billion individuals — have been infected with the hepatitis B virus.
• Approximately 1.5 million new infections occur each year.
• Nearly 300 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B.
• Only about 10% of infected individuals are diagnosed.
• An estimated 820,000 people die annually due to hepatitis B and related complications, such as liver cancer.
• Approximately two people die every minute from hepatitis B.

What Are The Symptoms Of Hepatitis B Infection?

Hepatitis B symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and some individuals may remain asymptomatic. Common signs include  ^{3 6} 

1. Fatigue: It is one of the most prevalent Hepatitis B symptoms often reported by patients, significantly affecting their daily lives and overall well-being. ³
2. Loss of Appetite: Hepatitis B patients commonly experience reduced desire to eat, leading to potential nutritional challenges. ³
3. Nausea: Nausea is frequently observed among individuals with Hepatitis B, contributing to a range of discomforts such as loss of appetite, fatigue, and general malaise. ³
4. Vomiting: Hepatitis B can trigger episodes of vomiting ³
5. Dark Urine: Darkening of urine is a notable indicator of Hepatitis B, signifying potential liver dysfunction and bilirubin accumulation ³ 
6. Abdominal Pain: Abdominal discomfort, often localised around the liver region, is also a recognised Hepatitis B symptom. ³
7. Joint Pain: Some Hepatitis B patients may also experience joint pain, which can make moving and performing daily tasks uncomfortable. ³
8. Jaundice: Jaundice is another noticeable sign of Hepatitis B that causes skin yellowing due to high levels of bilirubin (a pigment produced in the liver). ³

It's important to note that Hepatitis B symptoms may take weeks or months to manifest after initial infection, making early detection challenging.

What Causes Hepatitis B?

Before we discuss how Hepatitis B is transmitted, it's important to know that this virus is not spread through casual contact like hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils. ⁶ 

Now, let's explore the primary causes of Hepatitis B:

• The primary cause of Hepatitis B is the transmission of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). ³
• High-risk activities for HBV transmission include: ³ 
  • Unprotected sexual intercourse. 
  • Sharing needles or syringes. 
  • Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth. 

Risk Factors For Hepatitis B

Worried about getting infected with hepatitis B? You may be at risk if you-  ³

• Have STIs (sexually transmitted infections), say HIV 
• Are undergoing dialysis
• Have any type of liver disease
• Are on any immunosuppressants (they keep your immune system from attacking healthy tissue by mistake).

How Long Are You Contagious With Hepatitis B?

If the virus is still there in your body, then you’re contagious. Hepatitis B can be contagious, depending on the stage and type of infection. Acute hepatitis B, which can last up to six months, makes you contagious during this entire period. If you have active chronic hepatitis B, you'll be contagious for the rest of your life. However, if you have inactive chronic hepatitis B, the risk of transmission is lower. A simple blood test can determine whether your virus is active or inactive, helping you understand your contagiousness and take necessary precautions. ³

What Are The Possible Complications Of Hepatitis B Infection?

Chronic Hepatitis B infection can lead to severe complications, including ³

• Liver cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
• Liver failure 
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) ²

These complications develop gradually over time, highlighting the importance of regular medical monitoring for individuals experiencing any Hepatitis B symptoms.

How Can You Diagnose Hepatitis B?

Diagnosing Hepatitis B involves various blood tests to detect specific HBV antigens and antibodies. ³ These tests include Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), Hepatitis B antigen (HBeAg), and Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), each indicating the progression of Hepatitis B symptoms. Additionally, liver function tests and viral load assessments help evaluate liver health and the extent of damage caused by the virus. ⁷

How To Treat Hepatitis B?

When dealing with Hepatitis B symptoms, effective management aims to control the virus, protect the liver, and ease discomfort. Antiviral medications such as nucleoside analogs and interferons are prescribed to suppress viral replication and stimulate immune responses against the virus.⁶ Regular monitoring of liver function and viral load assists healthcare professionals in evaluating treatment effectiveness. ⁸

How Can I Reduce My Risk Of Hepatitis B Infection?

Prevention plays a crucial role in stopping the spread of Hepatitis B. 

• Vaccination is a highly effective preventive measure, with the Hepatitis B vaccine recommended for all infants at birth and individuals at high risk of exposure. ³
• Practice safe sex
• Avoid sharing needles or personal hygiene items
• Make sure you use sterile equipment for tattooing or body piercing. ²

How Should I Take Care Of Myself While Living With Chronic Hepatitis B?

If you're living with hepatitis B, here are some helpful tips: ⁹

• Stay connected. Don't isolate yourself - hepatitis B isn't spread through casual contact. Lean on friends and family for support.
• Take care of your overall health: Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits and veggies, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep.
• Protect your liver: Avoid alcohol and consult your healthcare provider before taking new medications.
• Get tested and vaccinated: Consider testing for hepatitis A and C, and get vaccinated for hepatitis A if necessary.

Conclusion

Recognising the hepatitis B symptoms is a crucial step in managing the condition and preventing long-term liver damage. By understanding the common signs of hepatitis B, such as jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain, you can take proactive steps to protect your liver health. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms or are at risk of hepatitis B, consult with your healthcare provider about getting tested and exploring treatment options. Early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in managing hepatitis B symptoms and improving your overall quality of life.

You can take charge of your health with LifeCell Ayushman Screen health checks. This comprehensive screening service is designed to detect hepatitis B and other silent threats early on, empowering you with timely insights and peace of mind. 

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