Everything You Need To Know About Hepatitis A

Did you know that hepatitis A accounts for a staggering 12.6% of all viral liver infections in India? ^{1, 2} This eye-opening statistic underscores the prevalence of this infection, not only in India but across the globe. Indeed, hepatitis A ranks as a global health concern, with millions of cases reported annually. In this blog, let's delve into the world of hepatitis A as we unravel its symptoms, causes, treatment, and preventive measures.

What Is Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is a severe virus that can harm your liver. You can contract it from contaminated food or water or contact with an infected person. It's more common in places with poor sanitation. To safeguard against Hepatitis A, it's crucial to receive the appropriate vaccine recommended by healthcare professionals.

Everyone should consider getting the recommended vaccine, especially if the person:^{1, 2, 3} 

• Travel to areas where hepatitis A is common
• Work with contaminated materials (such as healthcare workers, food handlers, and sewage workers)
• Have chronic liver disease
• Use recreational drugs (taken for fun and not for medical reasons).^{1, 4}

Symptoms Of Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A symptoms range from mild to severe, typically starting with fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Some people may also have yellowing of the skin (jaundice), dark urine (darker than usual), and joint pain. Notably, children under six years old usually don't show any symptoms. In contrast, adults are more likely to have symptoms, and older adults may experience more severe ones. While hepatitis A can sometimes come back, it usually follows with recovery.¹

Now, let's explore the specific reasons behind hepatitis A.

Causes Of Hepatitis A

A small RNA virus causes Hepatitis A, infecting the liver. However, it primarily spreads through food and water contaminated with faeces from infected people who may not even show symptoms or know they are infected. This transmission can occur when infected persons fail to practise proper hygiene, such as not washing their hands thoroughly after using the restroom. While sexual contact is a less common mode of transmission, sharing needles can also contribute to the spread of the virus. Practising good hygiene is crucial to minimise the risk of transmission through fecal-oral routes. ^{1, 5, 6, 7}

Is ‘Hepatitis A’ An STD? 

Hepatitis A can spread through sex, but it's less common than other STDs. Its primary transmission occurs via contaminated food or water. Additionally, hepatitis A may also be transmitted through kissing an infected person with bleeding gums or open wounds in the mouth. To minimise the risk of contracting hepatitis A, you should practise safe sex and maintain good oral hygiene.⁷

What Can Happen If You Have Hepatitis A?

Most people recover from hepatitis A without lasting issues, but some may face severe symptoms or complications. In rare cases, it can lead to liver failure, particularly in older adults or those with existing liver problems. Stay vigilant for potential challenges and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen. ^{2, 8}

Hepatitis A Diagnosis

If you suspect hepatitis A, don't delay—consult your doctor promptly. Describe your symptoms openly. A blood test will confirm the diagnosis. Seeking medical advice is vital, irrespective of symptom severity. Early detection is crucial for effective hepatitis A management. ⁸ 

Managing Hepatitis A: Self-Care Steps

• Dealing with hepatitis A involves self-care as there is no specific treatment. Start by prioritising hydration—consume fluids like water or juice. If solid food is challenging, opt for smoothies or soups.⁹
• Ensure ample rest; your body needs time to heal, so take it easy and avoid pushing yourself too hard.⁹
• Avoid factors that stress your liver, including alcohol, smoking, and drugs. If you're on medications, check with your doctor for guidance.⁹
• Stay connected with your doctor; regular monitoring ensures your condition is improving. Even though there's no specific treatment, proactive care is essential.⁹

Preventing Hepatitis A 

Protect yourself from hepatitis A with these 5 simple steps:

1. Get Vaccinated

The safest and most effective prevention method is the hepatitis A vaccine. It's administered in two doses at six-month intervals.¹⁰

2. Prioritise Hand Hygiene

Wash your hands regularly, especially after using the bathroom or before meals.¹¹

3. Avoid Close Contact

Avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with individuals who are sick, particularly those with hepatitis A. ¹¹

4. Ensure Thorough Cooking

Hepatitis A may be active in contaminated food. Ensure to eliminate the virus by cooking food thoroughly.¹¹

5. Avoid Contaminated Water

When travelling to areas where hepatitis A is prevalent, opt for bottled or boiled water.¹⁰

Conclusion

In conclusion, recognising Hepatitis A as a widespread global health concern highlights the critical need for preventive measures. Firstly, prioritise your safety by getting the Hepatitis A vaccine. Additionally, maintain good hygiene habits such as regular handwashing. If any symptoms arise, don't hesitate to consult a doctor promptly for a blood test to confirm the diagnosis. By following these measures, you are taking a proactive step towards safeguarding your health effectively.

*Disclaimer: The information in this blog is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

FAQs

Q1. When Do Symptoms Of Hepatitis A Usually Appear?

Symptoms of hepatitis A typically emerge two weeks to a couple of months after exposure to the virus. The incubation period, the time from exposure to the virus, usually falls within 15 to 28 days. It is important to note that individual experiences may vary.¹²

Q2. Can Washing Your Hands Prevent Hepatitis A?

Handwashing is an effective way to prevent the spread of hepatitis A, but it's not foolproof. The virus can survive on surfaces for several days. Therefore, washing your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or washrooms and before eating is crucial. ¹⁰

Q3. What Are The Long-Term Effects Of Hepatitis A?

Most people recover fully from hepatitis A without long-term problems. However, in rare cases, the virus can harm the liver and cause chronic liver disease. This risk is higher for individuals with pre-existing liver issues. 9 10

Q4. Is There A Cure For Hepatitis A?

No cure exists for hepatitis A, yet most individuals recover fully without long-term problems. However, prevention methods, such as vaccination and maintaining personal hygiene, are essential in avoiding the virus. ^{9, 13}