Can DHA Supplementation Reduce Preterm Birth Risk?

As you embark on the incredible journey of motherhood, nourishing your baby's development becomes your paramount concern. Essential nutrition during pregnancy is the cornerstone of your child's healthy growth and development.¹ While prenatal vitamins have gained widespread recognition as a crucial supplement, have you explored the significance of DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid, in your prenatal regimen?² Join us as we delve into the world of DHA supplementation during pregnancy and its potential role in preventing preterm births.

Let’s get started!

What Is Preterm Birth?

Preterm birth refers to the delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation.³ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 1 in 10 babies are born prematurely worldwide.⁴ One of the factors linked to preterm birth is low levels of DHA in the mother's blood and her diet.⁵ Additionally, preterm babies are more likely to develop long-term health problems, including developmental delays, cerebral palsy, and vision and hearing impairments.⁶

The Impact Of Preterm Birth On Baby & Mother

Preterm birth can also have long-term consequences for children, including developmental delays, learning difficulties, and behavioural problems.⁷ Preterm babies, with their underdeveloped immune systems, are more prone to infections and may require specialised NICU care.⁸ In addition, mothers who deliver prematurely may also experience postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress.⁹ 

So, to better understand how to reduce the risk of preterm birth, it is important to learn more about DHA and its role in pregnancy. Let’s first understand what DHA is.

Understanding DHA

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for the development of the baby's brain and eyes.¹⁰ It also plays a significant role in reinforcing the cell structure and maintaining interaction between the cells; which is why it’s found in high concentrations in the retina and brain cells.¹¹ It is also found in fatty fish, such as salmon, tuna, and sardines, as well as in algae-based supplements.¹² However, many pregnant women do not include enough DHA in their diet, which can lead to low DHA levels during pregnancy and preterm birth risk.¹³

How Can DHA Reduce Early Preterm Births?

Research has shown that DHA supplementation can reduce the risk of preterm births by 42%. ¹⁴   Inflammation can trigger preterm labour, and reducing it may thereby help in preventing premature birth.¹⁵  Additionally, DHA may help prevent premature birth by keeping the placenta healthy. The placenta is like a bridge between the mother and her developing baby, providing essential oxygen and nutrients.^{16, 17}

Therefore, pregnant women are encouraged to get enough DHA from their diet or supplements.  DHA is found in seafood and many prenatal vitamins.^{18, 19} If you are pregnant and considering taking DHA supplements, it is essential to consult your doctor first. Your doctor can help you determine the appropriate dosage and advise you of potential risks or side effects.

In Conclusion!

DHA supplementation during pregnancy can provide numerous benefits, including a reduced risk of preterm delivery. However, if you are pregnant, it isn't always easy to know how much DHA you're getting from your diet alone. 

FAQs

Q1. Are There Any Side Effects Of DHA Supplementation?

Taking DHA supplements is generally safe and doesn't usually cause any problems. However, taking very high doses of DHA may sometimes lead to mild side effects such as headache, nausea and diarrhea. ^{20, 21}

Q2. Is DHA Important In Early Pregnancy?

Yes, DHA is important in early pregnancy. DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, is a vital omega-3 fatty acid that helps develop the baby's brain, eyes, and nervous system. During the first trimester, DHA becomes essential for forming new brain cells and establishing nerve connections. Furthermore, DHA is also vital for developing the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. ^{22, 23, 24}

Q3. Can I Take DHA Supplements During Breastfeeding?

Yes, you can take DHA supplements during breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all breastfeeding women consume 200-300 milligrams of DHA daily. This essential fatty acid is pivotal in a baby's brain and eye development. Significantly, DHA supplements effectively increase the DHA content in breast milk, ensuring that your baby receives an adequate supply of this vital nutrient. ^{25, 26}